Semiconductor integrated circuit device and imaging system

ABSTRACT

An AD-converted digital video data is encoded by a difference encoding method before it is outputted and such encoded digital video data is then outputted, after it is converted to gray code or to a predetermined code in which a fixed value is added. Problems solved include noise that is generated when the AD conversion circuit outputs video data and that migrates into a CCD side via a power supply line on a printed circuit board, and noise that appears on a display image by migration into an input terminal side from an output circuit side via the power supply line and a semiconductor substrate within an AD conversion LSI.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 10/080,586filed Feb. 25, 2002, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,781,107.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a noise reduction technique in animaging system utilizing an imaging element such as a CCD (chargecoupled device) and more specifically to a technique for reducing noisegenerated by transmission of digital image data with a code conversionsystem, for example a technique which can effectively be adapted to anelectronic still camera (a so-called digital camera) and a video camera.

As shown in FIG. 10, there is provided an imaging system such as anelectronic still camera or a video camera in which an analog videosignal outputted from a CCD 10 is converted into a digital signal in anLSI (large scale semiconductor integrated circuit) for AD conversion 20,this video signal is processed in a DSP (digital signal processor) 30and the signal is then displayed on a display 80. The CCD 10 and DSP 30are also packed respectively in a semiconductor integrated circuit likethe LSI for AD conversion 20, and these semiconductor integratedcircuits are mounted on a printed wiring substrate 100 to form animaging system.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The inventors of the present invention have investigated in detail thecause of noise appearing on a display image of such an imaging system.As a result, the inventors have found the major causes in that powersupply noise generated at the time of outputting video data from the ADconversion LSI 20 in order to transmit the AD-converted video data tothe DSP 30 migrates into the CCD side via the power supply line (Vccline and ground line) on the printed wiring substrate and thereafterappears on the video signal to be inputted to the AD conversion LSI, andthat such power supply noise migrates into the input terminal side fromthe output circuit side through the power supply and semiconductorsubstrate within the AD conversion LSI.

Since an output circuit of LSI may drive a load such as external printedwiring which is larger than a load within a chip, an output element usedis also large in size (10 times or more) in comparison with the elementsforming the internal circuit, such as the AD conversion circuit, andtherefore the circuit is usually designed to allow a comparatively largeamount of current to flow. Therefore, it is thought that noise appearson the power supply because a large current flows when an output signalis changed over. Moreover, noise generated in the output circuit is alsopropagated to an internal circuit other than the input circuit via thesubstrate, but since the AD conversion LSI includes an amplifyingcircuit such as a PGA (programmable gain amplifier) for amplifying aninput analog signal, the noise propagated to the input side is alsoamplified together with the video signal, and thereby display qualitymay be deteriorated.

Therefore, the inventors have attempted, in order to reduce noiseresulting from operations of the output circuit, connection of a bypasscapacitor having a comparatively large capacity to the power supplyterminal of the AD conversion LSI as a measure to reduce the noise.However, it has been proved that providing a large bypass capacitorresults in increase of a chip size and causes reduction of systemloading efficiency and moreover, providing only the bypass capacitorcannot remove the noise sufficiently.

Therefore, the inventors have reached the conclusion that it is veryeffective for reduction of noise to reduce a through-current in theoutput circuit resulting from the change-over of digital video dataoutputted from the AD conversion LSI 20. One way to reduce thethrough-current in the output circuit is to lower the power supplyvoltage and lower a driving power of the output circuit. However, inthis case, the transmission rate of the signal is lowered and therebyperformance of the system can no longer be satisfied.

Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide asemiconductor integrated circuit which can reduce a through-currentflowing into an output circuit when an output is changed over andthereby reduce noise appearing in the output circuit.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an imaging systemwhich can improve image quality by reducing noise generated in an outputcircuit which converts an analog video signal outputted from a solidstate imaging element such as CCD, into digital video data, and whichthen outputs such digital video data, without lowering the transmissionrate of the signal.

The aforementioned and other objects and novel features of the presentinvention will become apparent from the description of thisspecification and the accompanying drawings.

An outline of the typical inventions disclosed in this specificationwill be explained as follows.

Namely, the AD-converted digital video data is encoded by a differentialencoding method before it is outputted and such encoded signal is thenoutputted after conversion to gray code or conversion to a predeterminedcode through addition of a certain fixed value. In more practical terms,after an analog color video signal outputted from an imaging element isAD-converted in the AD conversion circuit, a difference between thecodes of adjacent pixels is obtained in regard to the same color afterthe AD conversion and an output code of this difference process is thenconverted into a code with less change-over bits between the adjacentcodes. Through such code conversion, the number of bits changing whenthe output digital signal is changed over is lowered, thereby athrough-current in the output circuit is reduced and noise due to changeof output can be lowered.

Moreover, the present invention comprises an amplifying circuit foramplifying an analog color video signal outputted from an imagingelement, an AD conversion circuit for converting the amplified signalinto a digital signal, a differential means for obtaining a differenceof the codes of adjacent pixels in regard to the same color after the ADconversion, and a code conversion means for code conversion of an outputof the differential means. Thereby, the number of bits changing when adigital signal output from a semiconductor integrated circuit changes isreduced, and thereby a through-current in an output circuit can also bereduced.

As the code converting means, it is preferable to use a binary gray codeconverting circuit for changing the input binary code into the graycode. Thereby, the number of bits which change when the output digitalsignal is changed over can surely be reduced.

Moreover, as the code converting means, it is also possible to use acircuit for adding a fixed value to the input code or subtracting afixed value from the input code. Thereby, the number of bits changingwhen the output digital signal is changed over can be reducedconsiderably. The reason is based on the following principle. That is,the differential element of the digital video data is concentrated tothe data near zero such as 0, +1, −1 or the like. Therefore, the databecomes all “0” in the binary code, but since −1 is all “1”, when thedifferential data changes to −1 from 0 or vice versa, all bits changeand thereby noise is generated. Therefore, generation of changes to all“1” from all “0” or vice versa is prevented by adding a fixed value tothe input code or subtracting a fixed value from the input code.

Moreover, the differential means explained above is constructed by adelay circuit for delaying an output code of the AD conversion circuitand a subtraction means for obtaining the difference between the codedelayed with the delay circuit and the input code, and the delay circuitchanging the delay time depending on color arrangement of the inputvideo signal. Thereby, even if the color arrangement of a filter used isdifferent, it may be easily covered by changing a delay time of thedelay circuit.

Moreover, the imaging system of the present invention is constructed byan imaging element being provided with a color filter, an amplifyingcircuit for amplifying an analog color video signal outputted from theimaging element, an AD conversion circuit for converting the amplifiedsignal into a digital signal, a differential means for obtaining adifference between codes of adjacent pixels in regard to the same colorafter the AD conversion, a semiconductor integrated circuit beingprovided with a first code converting means for code conversion of anoutput of the differential means and a semiconductor integrated circuitfor image processing being provided with a second code converting meansfor converting the code outputted from the semiconductor integratedcircuit and an image processing circuit.

According to the means explained above, a through-current in the outputcircuit of the semiconductor integrated circuit provided with the ADconversion circuit can be reduced, and noise resulting from change ofoutput can also be controlled, and as a result, display quality can beimproved.

It is preferable that the first code conversion means uses a binary graycode conversion circuit for converting a binary code to the gray code,while the second code conversion means uses a gray binary codeconversion circuit for converting the gray code to the binary code.Thereby, the number of bits which change whenever the output digitalsignal is changed over can be surely reduced and the display quality canbe improved.

Moreover, it is also possible to use a circuit for adding a fixed valueto the input code or subtracting a fixed value from the input code asthe code conversion means explained above. Accordingly, the number ofbits which change when the output digital signal is changed over can bereduced considerably and the display quality can also be improved.

Moreover, the differential means is constructed by a delay circuit fordelaying an output code of the AD conversion circuit and a subtractioncircuit for obtaining a difference between the code delayed by the delaycircuit and the input code, while the delay circuit is constructed tochange a delay time depending on the color arrangement of the inputvideo signal. Thereby, even if the color arrangement of the filter usedis different, it can be covered easily by changing a delay time of thedelay circuit.

Moreover, in the construction of the present invention, a storage meansis provided for storing digital video data, the semiconductor integratedcircuit for image processing explained above is provided with a datacompression circuit for compressing the code converted by the secondcode converting means and a data expanding circuit for expanding thecompressed data and the data compressed by the data compression circuitis stored in the storage means explained above. Thereby, many video datacan be stored in storage means of small storing capacity while videodata compatibility is assured.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an example of schematic constructionof an AD conversion LSI to be used for the imaging system to which thepresent invention is adapted.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an example of schematic constructionof an encoding & code converting circuit.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing an example of construction of a binarygray conversion circuit.

FIGS. 4(A) and 4(B) are layout diagrams showing examples of constructionof a filter used for an electronic camera;

FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of code conversion showing a practicalexample of differential encoding and binary gray conversion in the ADconversion circuit of a preferred embodiment.

FIGS. 6A and 6B are graphs showing the frequency (number of times) ofthe number of change-over bits of the video data after the AD conversionin the existing imaging system and the frequency of the number ofchange-over bits of the video data after the AD conversion in the systemto which the present invention is adapted.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing an example of construction of a DSPfor processing the video data after the AD conversion.

FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing an example of construction of the graybinary difference decoding circuit provided in the DSP.

FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing an example of practical constructionof the gray binary conversion circuit.

FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing an example of schematic constructionof an ordinary imaging system.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be explainedwith reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 shows an example of the schematic construction of the ADconversion LSI to be used for the imaging system to which the presentinvention is adapted.

As shown in FIG. 1, the AD conversion LSI 20 of the preferred embodimentis composed of a correlation double sampling circuit (CDS) 21 forsampling an analog video signal which is outputted from a CCD 10 and isthen inputted to an input terminal IN, a programmable gain amplifier(PGA) 22 which can vary the gain for amplifying the sampled signal, anAD conversion circuit (ADC) 23 for converting the amplified analogsignal into a digital signal, an encoding & code converting circuit 24for differentially encoding the AD-converted digital video data and thenconverting such signal to the gray code and an output buffer 25 foroutputting the code-converted signal externally of an LSI chip from anoutput terminal OUT.

Of the circuit blocks 21 to 25 forming the AD conversion LSI 20, othercircuits except for the encoding & code converting circuit 24 are alsoprovided in the existing AD conversion LSI 20. Namely, it is thecharacteristic property of the present invention that the encoding &code converting circuit 24 is provided between the AD conversion circuit23 and output buffer 25.

Although, not illustrated in FIG. 1, an LSI chip may include a controlcircuit for generating a signal to control the gain of the amplifier(PGA) 22 and controlling total operations of the chip, a clockgeneration circuit for generating a clock signal to give the samplingtiming to the CDS 21 and also generating the clock signal requiredrespectively for the operations of the AD conversion circuit 23 and theencoding & code decoding circuit 24 and a block buffer for distributingthe clock signal supplied from the external circuits to the circuitswithin the chip.

Moreover, in this embodiment, noise can be reduced by reducing athrough-current in the output buffer 25 as will be explained later byproviding the encoding & code decoding circuit 24, but it is preferableto connect a bypass capacitor to the power supply terminal of the chipin view of further reducing noise. However, since a bypass capacitorhaving a smaller capacitance value may be used by applying the presentinvention, the loading area can be reduced.

FIG. 2 shows a schematic construction of the encoding & code decodingcircuit 24. As shown in FIG. 2, the encoding & code decoding circuit 24is composed of a delay circuit 41 for delaying the data outputted fromthe AD conversion circuit 23 as much as the predetermined clock period,a difference encoding circuit 42 for obtaining a difference between thedata outputted from the AD conversion circuit 23 and the data delayed bythe delay circuit 41, and a code conversion circuit 43 for convertingthe differentially encoded binary data into the gray code.

The difference encoding circuit 42 rounds down a carry bit which isformed, e.g., rounds down the carry bit which is generated when adifference is obtained. Thereby, the number of bits of data before adifference is obtained becomes identical to the number of bits of dataafter a difference is obtained and thereby data can be processed moreeasily. The Table 1 shows the result of arithmetic operations when acarry is rounded down by obtaining a difference between the data (valuea from which the subtraction is carried out) and the data (subtractionvalue b) in an example of 2 bits, and the result d (=c+b) to obtain thevalue a from which the subtraction is carried out by addition from theresult of calculation c and subtraction value b. In this embodiment, thecarry bit generated is rounded down even in the addition which iscarried out at the time of difference decoding explained later.Accordingly, the number of bits of the data before obtaining adifference becomes identical to the number of bits of data afterobtaining a difference.

TABLE 1 d (= c + b) c (= a − b) Carry round- Value a Value b Carryround-down down 00 00 00 00 00 01 11 00 00 10 10 00 00 11 01 00 01 00 0101 01 01 00 01 01 10 11 01 01 11 10 01 10 00 10 10 10 01 01 10 10 10 0010 10 11 11 10 11 00 11 11 11 01 10 11 11 10 01 11 11 11 00 11

In the Table 1, the code (a) of the first column is identical to thecode (d) of the fourth column. From this fact, it can be understood thatthe original code can be recovered accurately by executing theround-down of the carry respectively at the time of the differenceencoding and difference decoding. An example of the 2-bit code is shownin the Table 1, but reproducibility can be attained even when the carryis rounded down in the same manner in the code of three or more bits.

The code conversion circuit 43 is constructed, for example, by exclusiveOR gates G1 to G7 in such a number which is smaller by one than thenumber of bits of the code to be converted, for example, as shown inFIG. 3, and this circuit 43 outputs an exclusive OR of the adjacent bitsDi, Di+1 (i=0 to 6) except for the most significant bit as the bit “Di”after the code conversion. The most significant bit D7 before the codeconversion is outputted directly as the most significant bit D7′ afterthe code conversion. FIG. 3 shows an example of the circuit forconversion example of the binary code of 8 bits to the gray code. Thecode conversion circuit for the desired number of bits such as 10 bitsand 12 bits, etc. can be constructed in the same manner.

Next, practical procedures of the difference encoding process by thedifference encoding circuit 42 and binary gray code conversion by thecode conversion circuit 43 will be explained with reference to FIG. 5.The procedures explained here correspond to the case where the videosignal is outputted from a CCD which includes a color filter in whichthe three primary colors R (red), G (green) and B (blue) are arranged asshown in FIG. 4(A) and is constructed to sequentially scan each lineshown by the arrow marks {circumflex over (1)} to {circumflex over (4)}in FIG. 4(A) from the upper side in the horizontal direction. In thiscase, the amount of delay in the delay circuit 41 of FIG. 2 is definedas the amount of delay of two clock periods, namely two clock periods ofthe sampling clock of the input signal in the CDS 21.

Here, it is assumed that the signals of R (red) and G (green) arealternately inputted such as R→G→R→G→R→G→R→G as indicated in the row (A)of FIG. 5. In this case, it is also assumed that a value obtained by ADconversion of each signal is changed to the value in the row (B) of FIG.5 in the decimal number. Such value can be expressed with the binarycode which is actually outputted as shown in the row (C) of FIG. 5. Thiscode has been outputted directly from the existing AD conversion LSI notincluding the encoding & code converting circuit 24. As will be apparentfrom the comparison of the adjacent codes in the row (C) of FIG. 5, thenumber of change-over bits when each code is changed to the next codecan be expressed with the code in the row (D) of FIG. 5.

The values outputted from the difference encoding circuit 42 when thebinary code as shown in row (C) of FIG. 5 is inputted to the codeconversion circuit 24 of this embodiment can be expressed in the decimalnumber as shown in row (E) of FIG. 5 or expressed in the binary code asshown in row (F) of FIG. 5. Here, the difference means a differencebetween the same colors of adjacent pixels, namely a difference betweenevery other value as shown by the arrow marks in the row (B) of FIG. 5.The difference binary code of row (F) can be converted to the gray codeas shown in row (G).

As will be apparent from comparison between the adjacent codes in therow (G) of FIG. 5, the number of change-over bits when each code ischanged to the next code is shown in row (H). Comparison between therows (D) and (H) of FIG. 5 will make it apparent that the number ofchange-over bits is remarkably reduced in this embodiment from that ofthe existing system.

Since distinctive change between the adjacent pixels is small in thevideo signal, amount of change in the bits of the same colors is alsosmall even when the code after the AD conversion is immediatelyconverted to the gray code. In this embodiment, the code after the ADconversion is not immediately converted to the gray code and only adifference is obtained because a code difference between differentcolors of one pixel in an output of the CCD having passed the filter inthe color element arrangement as shown in FIG. 4 is comparatively largeeven when change between the adjacent pixels is rather small in thevideo signal (only exception is that difference of codes betweendifferent colors is also small in the case of gray color in which theimaging object is poor in change of color).

When the code is converted to the gray code by obtaining a difference asin the case of this embodiment, since there is no large differencebetween the differences even when the color is different, the number ofbits is also reduced when an output of the video data of the R (red)element is changed over, for example, to the output of the video data ofthe G (green) element.

However, if only a difference is obtained, the events in which adifference becomes positive or negative in one display image are assumedto be generated almost in the same rate but the code is changed to alarge extent to all “1” from all “0” when the binary code expressed withthe 2's complement is changed to negative from positive or to all “0”from all “1” when such binary code is changed to positive from negative.Therefore, in this embodiment, the code does not change to a largeextent for change to negative from positive or change to positive fromnegative by converting the binary code to the gray code.

Table 2 shows an example of the relationship between the binary codeexpressed with the 2's complement and the gray code when the code isformed of three bits.

TABLE 2 Binary Offset binary Decimal (2's complement) Gray code (+5)   7111 100 100   6 110 101 011   5 101 111 010   4 100 110 001   3 011 010000   2 010 011 111   1 001 001 110   0 000 000 101 −1 (7) 111 100 100−2 (6) 110 101 011 −3 (5) 101 111 010 −4 (4) 100 110 001 −5 (3) 011 010000 −6 (2) 010 011 111 −7 (1) 001 001 110

As will be understood from the Table 2, when the decimal number changesto “−1” from “0”, the binary code of three bits changes to “111” from“000”. Moreover, in the case of the code of 4 bits, 8 bits or more bits,the codes change to all “0” from all “1”. In this-case, all bits (threebits) are changed over. On the other hand, when the decimal numberchanges to “−1” from “0”, the gray code, for example, of three bitschanges to “100” from “000”. Therefore, a through-current flowing whenan output is changed over with the output buffer is also reducedremarkably when the gray code is outputted than that which flows whenthe binary code is outputted.

FIGS. 6(A) and 6(B) show graphs of the result (A) of search for thenumber of change-over bits of the code after the AD conversion by theprior art method when a palm of a man is imaged with the CCD and theresult (B) of search for the number of change-over bits of the code whenthe code is converted to the gray code after the difference encodingthrough application of this embodiment.

From FIGS. 6(A) and 6(B), it can be understood that the number ofchange-over bits in this embodiment is less than that in the prior artmethod, because the number of bits in the highest appearing frequency is“4” when the number of change-over bits of the code is “8” at maximum inthe prior art method, while the number of bits in the highest appearingfrequency is “2” when the number of change-over bits is “6” at maximumin this embodiment. As explained above, when the number of change-overbits is small, a through-current flowing into the output buffer can bereduced when a code is outputted in accordance with the invention, andthereby the power supply noise and noise which is propagated through thesubstrate can also be reduced.

The difference encoding and gray code converting system shown in FIG. 2can also be adapted to the case where a complementary color filter inwhich four colors of Cy (Cyane), Ye (Yellow), Mg (Magenta) and G (Green)are arranged (see FIG. 4(B) is used and the case where a filter in whichthe three primary colors of R (Red), G (Green) and B (Blue) are arrangedin a horizontal line is used. Even if the complementary color filter isused in above cases, when two kinds of color elements are alternatelyarranged in the same line, it is enough that the amount of delay in thedelay circuit 41 is set to the two-clock period as explained above inregard to this embodiment.

On the other hand, when the three-primary-color filter in which threecolor elements are sequentially and repeatedly arranged in a horizontalline is used, it is enough that the amount of delay in the delay circuit41 is set to the three-clock period. Since the amount of delay in thedelay circuit 41 changes depending on the filter used, it is alsopossible that the delay circuit 41 of the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 isconstructed by a variable delay circuit and a register for designatingamount of delay (delay clock period) corresponding to such variabledelay circuit in order to change the amount of delay in the delaycircuit 41 through update of the preset value of this register.

Next, the second embodiment of the present invention will be explained.In this second embodiment, the code is not converted to the gray codeafter the difference encoding, unlike the first embodiment, and a fixedvalue expressed with a certain binary code is added (or subtracted)after the difference encoding. The code (hereinafter referred to as theoffset binary code) of the case where “5 expressed with the decimalnumber (“101” in the binary code)” is added as the fixed value after thedifference encoding is shown in the right side column of the Table 2.

When “5” is added as the fixed value after the difference encoding fromthe Table 2, the binary code is changed to “100” from “101” when thedecimal number changes to “−1” from “0”. Therefore, in this case, onlyone bit is changed over. However, in the case of this system, since thebinary code changes to “000” from “111” when the decimal number changesto “3” from “2”, the number of bits to be changed over becomes 3.However, the amount of change of the signals between the adjacent pixelsenters the range from “−1” to “+2” in a certain input video signal,namely in a certain imaging object (a certain video signal has a smalldifference of luminosity). In this case, even when the second embodimentis adapted, the number of bits to be changed when an output is changedover can be reduced and noise resulting from the change of output canalso be reduced.

In the Table 2, the code is composed of three bits and when the numberof bits increases, the range of offset binary code in which the numberof bits to be changed when the output data is changed over can bereduced to 1 or less can be widened by adequately selecting the fixedvalue to be added. Therefore, even when the code is converted to theoffset binary code after the difference encoding, the number of bits tobe changed when the output digital signal is changed over can be reducedconsiderably, although it is not so large as in the case of the firstembodiment. Thereby, a through-current in the output circuit can bereduced and noise resulting from change of output can also be reduced.

FIG. 7 shows a schematic construction of a DSP (Digital SignalProcessor) 30 which executes the data process by receiving a video dataoutputted from the AD conversion LSI. The DSP 30 of this embodiment iscomposed of a gray binary difference decoding circuit 31 which receivesthe gray-code converted video data outputted from the AD conversion LSIfor reverse conversion thereof to the original binary code and thenexecutes the difference decoding, a video signal processing circuit 32for executing the video process, for example, color compensation andmixing of video signals to the decoded video data and acompression/expansion circuit 33 for compressing the decoded video datato store it into an external memory 50 and expanding the video data readfrom the memory 50. As the memory 50, a non-volatile semiconductormemory such as RAM and a non-volatile memory such as smart media andcompact flash may be used.

Here, it is also possible that the video data after the image process iscompressed with the compression/expansion circuit 33 and thereafter thedata is stored in the external memory 50, in place of compressing thevideo data before the image process in the video processing circuit 32.In this embodiment, the video data processed in the DSP 30 is thenoutputted to the external DA conversion circuit 60 and is converted toan analog signal. This analog signal is then supplied to a display 80through a filter 70 for the purpose of display. The DSP 30 of FIG. 7 isindicated by the function block, and the actual hardware is constructedby an arithmetic circuit such as a multiplier or an adder, a registerfor holding data and a control circuit or the like for operating theabove circuits in a predetermined sequence depending on the processcontents.

FIG. 8 shows a construction of the gray binary difference decodingcircuit 31 provided within the DSP 30. This gray binary differencedecoding signal 31 is constructed by a gray binary conversion circuit311 for converting the gray code indicated in the third column in theTable 2, for example, when the data is composed of three bits, to thebinary code indicated in the second column, a delay circuit 312 fordelaying the code signal as much as the predetermined clock periodcorresponding to the delay of the delay circuit 41 shown in FIG. 2 andan adder circuit 313 for generating the difference decoded data byadding the code delayed by the delay circuit 312 to the code convertedby-the gray binary conversion circuit 311. Here, the adder circuit 313is constructed to round down a carry generated when addition is carriedout. Even when the adder is constructed to conduct the round-down ofcarry when the difference decoding is conducted, the original code canbe recovered accurately as explained with reference to the Table 1.

FIG. 9 shows an example of practical construction of the gray binaryconversion circuit 311. As illustrated in this figure, the gray binaryconversion circuit 311 is composed of the exclusive OR gates G11 to G17of a number which is less by one than the number of bits to beconverted. The code can be converted to the binary code with theexclusive OR of each input bit Di′ except for the most significant bitand the bit (output of the exclusive OR gate) Di+1 after the conversionin the significant bit side which is higher by one level than such inputbit. The most significant bit D7′ is outputted directly as the mostsignificant bit D7 after the conversion. FIG. 9 shows an example of thecircuit for converting the gray code of 8 bits to the binary codecorresponding to FIG. 3, and a code conversion circuit of the desiredbits such as 10 bits and 12 bits can be constructed in the same manner.

FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 show examples of the conversion circuit when the codetransmitted is the gray code. When the code transmitted is the offsetbinary code indicated in the fourth column of the Table 2, the circuitfor subtracting (or adding) a fixed value from (or to) the input code isused.

The inventions realized by the inventors have been explained abovepractically based on the preferred embodiments thereof, but the presentinvention is not limited to above embodiments and may be changed ormodified within the scope not departing from the subject mattersdescribed in the claims of the present invention. For example, in aboveembodiments, conversion to the gray code and conversion to the offsetbinary code have been described as the examples of code conversion whichis executed after the difference encoding, but the code conversion isnot limited thereto and any type of code conversion may be introducedwhen a less number of bits to be changed for change-over of the codeindicating a difference are used.

Moreover, in above embodiments, an AD conversion LSI loading the CDS(correlated double sampling circuit) has been explained but the CDS maybe omitted, and also may be constructed by another chip. In theembodiments, an AD conversion LSI employed in an imaging system using aCCD has been explained, but the present invention can also be adapted toan AD conversion LSI in an imaging system utilizing an imaging elementother than a CCD, such as a CMOS image sensor.

In above explanation, the inventions which are mainly realized by theinventors of the present invention are adapted to the imaging systemwhich is the application field of the background of the presentinvention. However, the present invention is not limited thereto and maybe widely introduced, for example, to another system in which an analogsignal is processed after conversion into digital data, such as arecording system to process an audio signal.

Typical effects of the present invention may be briefly explained below.

The image quality can be improved by lowering noise generated in the ADconversion LSI output circuit for converting an analog video signaloutputted from an imaging element to a digital video data withoutreduction of the transfer rate of signals.

1. A semiconductor integrated circuit device comprising: a correlationdouble sampling circuit for sampling an analog color video signal outputfrom an imaging element; an amplifying circuit for amplifying the analogcolor video signal output from the correlation double sampling circuit;an AD conversion circuit for converting the analog color video signalamplified by the amplifying circuit to a digital signal comprising firstcodes; a differential circuit for obtaining a difference between thefirst codes in regard to same colors; and a code conversion circuit forcode conversion of second codes corresponding to an output of thedifferential circuit, wherein the correlation double sampling circuitmthe amplifying circuit, the AD conversion circuit, the differentialcircuit, and the code conversion circuit are formed on a semiconductorsubstrate, wherein a gain of the amplifying circuit can be varied,wherein third codes corresponding to an output of the code conversioncircuit are obtained from the code conversion circuit, wherein changebits between a third code corresponding to a second code and a thirdcode corresponding to a next to the second code are less in number thanchange bits between the second code and the next to the second code bythe code conversion when the second code is positive and the next to thesecond code is negative, wherein change bits between a third codecorresponding to a second code and a third code corresponding to a nextto the second code are less in number than change bits between thesecond code and the next to the second code by the code conversion whenthe second code is negative and the next to the second code is positive.2. A semiconductor integrated circuit device according to claim 1,wherein the code conversion circuit is a binary gray code conversioncircuit for converting an input binary code to a gray code as the outputof the differential circuit.
 3. A semiconductor integrated circuitdevice according to claim 1, wherein the code conversion circuitcomprises a circuit for adding or subtracting a fixed value to or froman input code as the output of the differential circuit.
 4. Asemiconductor integrated device according to claim 1, wherein thedifferential circuit comprises: a delay circuit for delaying each of thefirst codes from the AD conversion circuit; and a subtraction circuitfor obtaining a difference between each of the first codes delayed bythe delay circuit and each of the first codes from the AD conversioncircuit, wherein the delay circuit is constructed to vary a delay timedepending on a color of the analog color video signal so as to obtainthe difference between the first codes in regard to the same colors. 5.A semiconductor integrated circuit device according to claims 1, whereinchange bits between a third code corresponding to a second code and athird code corresponding to a next to the second code are less in numberthan change bits between the second code and the next to the second codeby the code conversion, if a relation between the second code and thenext to the second code is an inversed relation based on a complementrepresentation.
 6. A semiconductor integrated circuit device comprising:a correlation double sampling circuit for sampling an analog color videosignal output from an imaging element; an amplifying circuit foramplifying the analog color video signal output from the correlationdouble sampling circuit; an AD conversion circuit for converting theanalog color video signal amplified by the amplifying circuit to adigital signal comprising first codes; a differential circuit forobtaining a difference between the first codes in regard to same colors;and a code conversion circuit for code conversion of second codescorresponding to an output of the differential circuit, wherein thecorrelation double sampling circuit, the amplifying circuit, the ADconversion circuit, the differential circuit, and the code conversioncircuit are formed on a semiconductor substrate, wherein a gain of theamplifying circuit can be varied, wherein third codes corresponding toan output of the code conversion circuit are obtained from the codeconversion circuit, wherein change bits between a third codecorresponding to a second code and a third code corresponding to a nextto the second code are less in number than change bits between thesecond code and the next to the second code by the code conversion, if arelation between the second code and the next to the second code is aninversed relation based on a complement representation.
 7. Asemiconductor integrated circuit device according to claim 6, whereinthe code conversion circuit is a binary gray code conversion circuit forconverting an input binary code to a gray code as the output of thedifferential circuit.
 8. A semiconductor integrated circuit deviceaccording to claim 6, wherein the code conversion circuit comprises acircuit for adding or subtracting a fixed value to or from an input codeas the output of the differential circuit.
 9. A semiconductor integratedcircuit device according to claim 6, wherein the differential circuitcomprises: a delay circuit for delaying each of the first codes from theAD conversion circuit, and a subtraction circuit for obtaining adifference between each of the first codes delayed by the delay circuitand each of the first codes from the AD conversion circuit, wherein thedelay circuit is constructed to vary a delay time depending on a colorarrangement of the analog color video signal so as to obtain thedifference between the first codes in regard to the same colors.
 10. Asemiconductor integrated circuit device comprising: a correlation doublesampling circuit for sampling an analog color video signal output froman imaging element; an AD conversion circuit for converting the analogcolor video signal output from the correlation double sampling circuitto a digital signal comprising first codes; a differential circuit forobtaining a difference between the first codes in regard to same colors;and a code conversion circuit for code conversion of second codescorresponding to an output of the differential circuit, wherein thecorrelation double sampling circuit, the AD conversion circuit, thedifferential circuit, and the code conversion circuit are formed on asemiconductor substrate, wherein the third codes corresponding to anoutput of the code conversion circuit are obtained from the codeconversion circuit, wherein change bits between a third codecorresponding to a second code and a third code corresponding to a nextto the second code are less in number than change bits between thesecond code and the next to the second code by the code conversion whenthe second code is positive and the next to the second code is negative,wherein change bits between a third code corresponding to a second codeand a third code corresponding to a next to the second code are less innumber than change bits between the second code and the next to thesecond code by the code conversion when the second code is negative andthe next to the second code is positive.
 11. A semiconductor integratedcircuit device according to claim 10, wherein the code for conversioncircuit is a binary gray code conversion circuit for converting an inputbinary code to a gray code as the output of the differential circuit.12. A semiconductor integrated circuit device according to claim 10,wherein the code conversion circuit comprises a circuit for adding orsubtracting a fixed value to or from an input code as the output of thedifferential circuit.
 13. A semiconductor integrated circuit deviceaccording to claim 10, wherein the differential circuit comprises: adelay circuit for delaying each of the first codes from the ADconversion circuit; and a subtraction circuit for obtaining a differencebetween each of the first codes delayed by the delay circuit and each ofthe first codes from the AD conversion circuit, wherein the delaycircuit is constructed to vary a delay time depending on a colorarrangement of the analog color video signal so as to obtain thedifference between the first codes in regard to the same colors.
 14. Asemiconductor integrated circuit device according to claims 10, whereinchange bits between a third code corresponding to a second code and athird code corresponding to a next to the second code are less in numberthan change bits between the second code and the next to the second codeby the code conversion, if a relation between the second code and thenext to the second code is an inversed relation based on a complementrepresentation.
 15. A semiconductor integrated circuit devicecomprising: a correlation double sampling circuit for sampling an analogcolor video signal output from an imaging element; an AD conversioncircuit for converting the analog color video signal output from thecorrelation double sampling circuit to a digital signal comprising firstcodes; a differential circuit for obtaining a difference between thefirst codes in regard to same colors; and a code conversion circuit forcode conversion of second codes corresponding to an output of thedifferential circuit, wherein the correlation double sampling circuit,the AD conversion circuit, the differential circuit, and the codeconversion circuit are formed on a semiconductor substrate, whereinthird codes corresponding to an output of the code conversion circuitare obtained from the code conversion circuit, wherein change bitsbetween a third code corresponding to a second code and a third codecorresponding to a next to the second code are less in number thanchange bits between the second code and the next to the second code bythe code conversion, if a relation between the second code and the nextto the second code is an inversed relation based on a complementrepresentation.
 16. A semiconductor integrated circuit device accordingto claim 15, wherein the code conversion circuit is a binary gray codeconversion circuit for converting an input binary code to a gray code asthe output of the differential circuit,
 17. A semiconductor integratedcircuit device according to claim 15, wherein the code conversioncircuit comprises a circuit for adding or subtracting a fixed value toor from an input code as the output of the differential circuit.
 18. Asemiconductor integrated circuit device according to claims 15, whereinthe differential circuit comprises: a delay circuit for delaying each ofthe first codes from the AD conversion circuit, and a subtractioncircuit for obtaining a difference between each of the first codesdelayed by the delay circuit and each of the first codes from the ADconversion circuit, wherein the delay circuit is constructed to vary adelay time depending on a color arrangement of the analog color videosignal so as to obtain the difference between the first codes in regardto the same colors.